Folder Icon - Change Windows 7 Default Folder Icon. Open the Start Menu, then type regedit in the search line and press Enter. If prompted by UAC, then click on Yes. In regedit, navigate to: (See screenshot below)HKEY. In the left pane, right click on the Explorer key, and click on New and Key in the context menu. Type Shell Icons and press Enter. In the right pane of Shell Icons, right click on a empty space, and click on New and String Value. Type 3 and press enter. Right click on the number for the folder type, and click on Modify. To Use a Custom Icon of Your Own Note. Be sure to unblock the icon file. Be sure save the icon file in a location that all user account's can access (ex: c: \Users\Public\My Pictures) so the icon will be able to be viewed in their account as well. You must use a 2. Windows Explorer. User profile cannot be loaded” error message that may be received in Windows 7 and Windows Vista. A) In the Modify window, type in the full path of the icon that you want to use within quotes and click on OK. To Use another Icon Included in Windows 7. A) Download and install the free program Icon. Viewer for your 3. Windows 7. NOTE: This program will add a Icons tab to files (ex: imageres. B) In Windows Explorer, navigate to C: \Windows\System. Properties, and click on the Icons tab. NOTE: You can use any of the Windows 7 files that include icons in them that you want though. This is just the most common one. C) Scroll through the icons and make note of the icon number of the one you want to use to replace the default folder icon with, then close the properties window. Stock Icons. Download Icon Collections for Windows and Web. Various stock icon collections of attractive and eye-catching Windows icons for toolbars and menus.The registry will now look similar to this with your icon path under the Data column in the right pane instead. If you have 6. 4- bit Windows 7 Installed Note. To also change the default folder icon in the . If you have a 3. 2- bit Windows 7 installed, then skip this step and continue on to step 1. A) In Regedit, go to the location below. Icons in Windows Vista. This article pinpoints the differences between Windows Vista icons and Windows XP icons and explains how did Microsoft extend the . ICO file format. This article is based on observations made while working with Windows Vista and Windows 7. There is no difference between Vista and Win. To understand this article you should already be familiar with Windows XP icon format.
Windows Vista Explorer. Explorer in Windows Vista has a new ability - it can zoom the displayed items in and out. The zoom factor is set using a slider (on the panel in upper left corner) and it is continuous. Explorer makes use of high- resolution 2. The following screenshot of Windows Explorer shows, that Microsoft already created high- resolution version of several icons (Folder, My Computer, Network, and more..). This ability is not limited to system icons as demonstrated by a custom 'example- vista- icon' in the lower row. Slider on the panel in left upper corner controls zoom factor. Icon format changes in Vista. The ability to put 2. It was possible in XP and even in previous systems. The problem is that an icon with all 1. B on disk. This is considerably more than a ~2. B for a complete Windows XP icon. This problem was solved by extending the icon format. The breaking change in Vista icons is that images in icon may be stored as PNGs. With PNG compression, the size of an icon is reduced and because PNG is loss- less and supports 8bit alpha channel, the quality of icon is not lowered. Truecolor versions of default folder icon from Vista. The icon contains 1. M, 2. 56 and 1. 6 colors. Large versions are compressed in Vista. Only the large images are compressed in current Vista icons. Our experiments show, that Vista will gladly accept an icon with all images compressed, but this icon would be unreadable in Windows XP or previous. For our experiments, I have prepared an icon that mimics the format of Vista icons. That is, it has 1. Large images are compressed. You may download this icon from the icon gallery. Editing Vista icons. At the time of writing this article, none of the major icon editors understands Vista icon format. This is no surprise as the format differs considerably. We have prepared a special edition of Real. World Icon Editor that fully supports Vista icons. This world- first Vista icon editor can open, extract, modify and save Vista icons. It is also possible to save the icons without compression for full compatibility with Windows XP.
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The approach Microsoft attempted was to try to make sure WDDM was a unified experience across different GPUs from multiple vendors by standardizing their features and performance. The software features missing from other driver models could be made immaterial by extensions or if a less restrictive or simply different driver model was in place. History. New features include. Windows 8, and Direct. D 1. 1 Video supports YUV 4: 4: 4/4: 2: 2/4: 2: 0/4: 1: 1 video formats with 8, 1. Driver feature additions include wireless displays (Miracast), YUV format ranges, cross- adapter resources and GPU engine enumeration capabilities. WDDM 2. 0. The new API will do away with automatic resource- management and pipeline- management tasks and allow developers to take full low- level control of adapter memory and rendering states. WDDM 2. 1. 2. 10. Rec. 2. 02. 0 - and variable refresh rates. Retrieved 1. 9 February 2. Retrieved 9 December 2. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 1. 6 December 2. Windows Dev Center - Hardware. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. Windows Dev Center - Hardware. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 1. 6 December 2. XDDM and VGA drivers will not compile on Windows 8 and later versions ^. January 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 9 December 2. Greg Schechter's Blog. Retrieved 9 December 2. December 2. 00. 9. Retrieved 9 December 2. Timeout Detection and Recovery: Microsoft. Retrieved 4 September 2. June 2. 00. 9. Retrieved 2. October 2. 00. 7. Win. HEC 2. 00. 8. Archived from the original on October 2. Retrieved 9 December 2. January 2. 00. 6. Retrieved 9 December 2. Retrieved 3 June 2. Retrieved 1. 4 June 2. Retrieved 1. 3 June 2. Retrieved 1. 3 June 2. Retrieved 1. 4 July 2. Greg Schechter's Blog. Retrieved 9 December 2. Sinofsky, Steven, ed. Engineering Windows 7. Retrieved 9 December 2. Retrieved 9 December 2. Retrieved 9 December 2. Archived from the original on 2. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. September 2. 01. 2. Retrieved 9 December 2. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. Win. HEC 2. 00. 6. Retrieved 9 December 2. Win. HEC 2. 00. 6. Retrieved 9 December 2. APC Magazine. Retrieved 2. February 2. 01. 5. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. November 2. 01. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2. Retrieved 3 June 2. Direct. 3D 1. 2 API Preview. Retrieved 3 June 2. Blogs. nvidia. com. Retrieved 2. 01. 4- 0. Blogs. msdn. com. Retrieved 2. 01. 4- 0. Nebraska Ave.: Strengthening CBP’s IT. The CBP Cargo Systems Program Office (CSPO). The CBP Targeting and Analysis Systems Program Office also will offer a software maintenance support services contract valued. July Insight: Linda Jacksta, Executive Director, CBP; July Insight: Linda Jacksta, Executive Director, CBP. The CBP Cargo Systems Program Office (CSPO). August 2. 00. 6ACE Electronic Manifest Use Shifts into High Gear The following article is reprinted from the August, 2. 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Eventually, ACE will become the lead system at all ports for all modes of transportation, with ACE sea and rail processing slated to begin in 2. Topics covered: Multicomponent systems, chemical potential. Instructor/speaker: Moungi Bawendi, Keith Nelson. First Law of Thermodynamics Adding heat Q to a crystal increases its internal energy U: dU dQ (indicates 'proportional') but if the crystal is allowed to expand, some of the added energy will be consumed by expansion dV, so.
Software Solutions to Problems on Heat Transfer Conduction: Part IDescription. This book contains solutions to problems in the area of Heat Transfer, as per the syllabus of B. E. Comments are included generously in the codes so that the logic behind the solution is clear. Use of computer software helps in solving the problems fast and accurately. More importantly, parameter analysis (what . Once a particular type of problem is solved, solving similar problems later becomes extremely easy. In addition, one can plot the data, curve fit, write functions for various properties or calculations and re- use them. These possibilities create interest, curiosity and wonder in the minds of students and enthuse them to know more and work more. Content. About Mathcad. What is Mathcad? Symbols in Mathcad worksheet. Thirumaleshwar graduated in Mechanical Engineering from Karnataka Regional Engineering College, Surathkal, Karnataka, India, in the year 1. He obtained M. Sc (cryogenis) from University of Southampton, U. K. Conceicao Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, India for eight years. He also worked as Head of Dept. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India. A book entitled . Mathcad, EES, FEHT and EXCEL. This book, containing about 2. He has also authored free e- books on Thermodynamics entitled . Mathcad, EES, and TEST. Each of these titles is presented in 5 parts and all the books can be downloaded for free from www. He has also written and published three booklets entitled as follows: Towards Excellence. Thirumaleshwar has attended several National and International conferences and has more than 5. Lecture 1. 4: Multicomponent systems, chemical potential . Butyoucangetvolumeout,becausevolumeis thederivativeof. G, withrespect topressure. Keepingthetemperatureconstant. Andyou'vegot. Snow,yougotvolume. Do youknowwhereyou,howdidyoudefine. Ginthefirstplace? Wedefine. Gas. Hminusd. S. Oneofthemanydefinitionsofg. Reversethat,you'vegotnow. Hasafunctionof. Gandtemperatureandentropy. Well,you'vegotanexpressionfor. G,wejustcalculated,wejustshowedwecouldgetanexpressionfor. S,whichissittingrighthere. Temperature isavariablehere,sonowwehaveanexpressionfor. H. Andyou cangoonlikethatwitheveryvariablethatyou'velearnedinthisclassalready. Forinstance,uis. Hminusp. V. Well,there'sthe. Hhere. Wehavethatequationfor. H. Wehaveanequationfor. V,comingfromhere. Sothere'snothingunknownhere. Ifwehaveanequationfor. Ghereintermsoftemperatureandpressure. Samethingforthe. Helmholtzfreeenergy. You canevengettheheatcapacitiesout. Everysingleoneoftheseinteresting,usefulquantitiesthatonewouldwanttocalculatefallsoutfromthe. Gibbsfreeenergyhere. Anyquestionsonthatimportantstep? And,really,Ican'tbelievehowclueless. Iwaswhen. Istarteddoingresearch. Because. Iwouldgothroughtheprocessofcalculating. G, andgetting. G,andet cetera,et cetera. Iwrotepapers,you know, Gequalsblahblahblah. And. Ididn'trealizethatthat'swhypeoplewantedtoknow. G. Anyway,Iknowbetternow. So,thereare afewthingswecansayabout. Gthatarefairlyeasytocalculate. Forinstance,if. Ilookatliquidsorsolids. And. Iwant toknowhow. Gchangeswithpressure. So,Iknowthatthevolumehered. G/dp,thatd. G/dpisthevolumehere. Soif. Ilookunderconstanttemperature,Ipickmyfundamentalequationunderconstanttemperature,and. Iwant toknowhow. Gischanging,Iintegrate. So I haved. Gis equalto. Vdp. Soif. Ichangemy,and. Ilookatper mole,and if. Ichangemypressurefromp. Iintegratefromp. 1top. Vdpper mole. Andwhatcan. Isay,for aliquidorasolid,thevolumeper mole,over aliquid orasolid,issmallanditdoesn'tchangeverymuch. So. Vissmall. Andusuallythesesolidsandliquids,you canassumetobeincompressible. Meaning,asyouchangethepressure,the volumedoesn'tchange. It'sagoodapproximation. Sowhenyoudoyourintegralhere,you getthat. Gatthenewpressureis. Gattheoldpressure,thenifthisisn'tchangingverymuchwithpressure,ornotatall,thenyoucantakeitout. It'sjustaconstant. Plus Vtimesp. 2minusp. Andso,thisisthe incompressiblepart,youtakeitout. Thefactthatit'ssmallmeansthatyoucanassumethatthis iszero,thiswholethingiszero,thatit'ssmallenough. Andthenyouseethat. G,approximatelydoesn'tchangewithpressure. Tellsyouthat. G,fora liquidorsolid,mostofthetimeyoucanassumethat it'sjustafunctionoftemperature. Justlikewesawforanidealgas,that theenergyandtheenthalpywerejustfunctionsoftemperature. Andthat'sausefulapproximation. It'suseful,butit'snotcompletelytrue. Andifitweretrue,thentherewouldnotbeanypressuredependentstophasetransitions. Andweknowthat'snotthecase. Weknowthatifyoupressonwaterwhenit'sclosetothewaterliquid- solidtransition,thatyoucanlowerthemeltingpointofice. Youpressonice,andyou presshardenough,andicewillmelt,thetemperature iscloser tomeltingpoint. And we'llgothroughthat. So,thatmeansthattherehastobesomesortofpressuredependence,eventually. Andwe'llseethat. Thisisjustanapproximation. Whatelsecanwedo? Wecancalculate,also,foranidealgas. Liquid andsolid,wecandoanidealgas. Soforanidealgas,again,startingfromthefundamentalequation,wehaved. Gequals. Vdp. Wecandoitpermole. Sointegratebothsides,G(T, p. Gattheinitialpressure,plustheintegralfromp. Soinsteadofputtingthevolume,thisisan idealgasnow,wecanputtheidealgaslaw. So. Visreally. RTover p. RToverpdp. Wecanintegratethis. Getalogtermout. G(T, p. RTlogp. 2overp. 1. Andthenit'sveryusefultoreferenceeverythingtothecenterstate. Soifyoutakep. 1equalsonebarasourreferencepoint,andgetridofthelittlesubscripttwohere,wecanwrite. Gof. Tatsomepressurep,thenis. Gandthelittlenaughtontopheremeansstandardstateonebarplus. RTlogpdividedbyonebar. And. Iputinalittledottedlineherebecauseveryoftenyoujustwriteitwithouttheonebar and bar. Andyouknowthattherehastobeaonebar,becauseinsidealogyoucan'thavesomethingwithunits. It hastobeunitless. So youknowif you havesomethingwithbarhere,you'vegottodividewithsomethingwithbar,and therehappenstobeonebar here. Sopressurepis. Gatitsstandard stateplus. RTlogp. And thisbecomesaveryuseful,veryuseful,quantitytoknow. OK,so. Gissoimportant. And. Gper moleissofundamental,thatwe'regoingtogiveitaspecialname. Nottomakeyourlifemorecomplicatedbutjustbecauseit'sjustsoimportant. We'regoingtocall it thechemicalpotential. So. Gpermole,we'regoing tocallmu. And that'sgoingtobeachemicalpotential. We'regoing todoalotmorewiththechemicalpotentialtoday. Andthereasonwhywecallpotentialisbecausewealreadysawthatif you'vegotsomethingunderconstantpressure,temperature,thatyouwant touse. Gasthevariabletotellyouwhethersomethingisgoing tobespontaneousor not. Soyouwant. Gtogodownhill. Andso,we'regoing tobetalkingaboutchemicalspecies. Andinsteadofhavingacarupanddownmountains,tryingtogodowntothevalleys,we'regoing tohavechemicalspeciestryingtofindthevalleys. Thepotentialvalleys. Togettoequilibrium. Andsowe'regoingtobelookingatthe. Gibbsfreeenergy,orthe. Gibbs freeenergyper mole atthatparticularspecies,andit'sgoingtowanttobeassmallaspossible. We'regoing towanttominimizethechemicalpotentials. Andthat'swhyit'scalledpotential. It'slikeanenergy. So,that'stheendoftheonecomponent,thermodynamicbackground,beforewegettomulti- components. Soit'sagoodtimetostopagainandseeifthere'sanyquestions. Anyissues. OK. So,sofarwe'vedoneeverythingwithonespecies. Oneidealgas,oneliquid,onesolid. Wehaven'tdoneanythingwithmixtures,exceptformaybelookingattheentropyofmixing. Wesawtheentropyofmixingwasreallyimportant,becauseitdroveprocesseswhereenergywasconstant. Butmostofwhatwecareaboutinchemistry,atleastinchemicalreactions,specieschange. Theygetdestroyed. Newspeciesgetcreated. There aremixtures. It'sprettycomplicated. Forinstance,if. Itakeareactionofhydrogengaspluschlorinegastoformtwomolesof. HClgas,I'mdestroyinghydrogen,I'mdestroyingchlorine,I'mmaking. HClin thegasphase. Igetabigmixtureattheend. Igetthreedifferentkinds ofspeciesattheend. Sothefundamentalequationsthat. I'vebeentalkingabout,thatwe'vebeentalkingabout,they'retoosimpleforsuchasystem. Becausetheyallcareaboutonespecies. Evenmorecomplicated,forinstance,if Itakehydrogengasandoxygengas and. Imixthemtogethertomakewater,liquid,forinstance,notonlydo. Ihavespeciesthatarechanging,thataregettingdestroyedorcreated,inthiscaseherethetotalnumberofmolesischanging. Andthephase ischanging. Got allsortsofchangesgoingonhere. Andsoif. Iwanttounderstandequilibrium,if. Iwant tounderstandthedirectionoftimeforthesemorecomplicatedprocesses,Ihavetobeabletotakeintoaccount,inaneasyway,thesemixingprocesses,thesephasechanges,thesechangesin thenumberof moles. And that'swhatwe'regoing totalkabouttoday. We'regoing totrytochangeourfundamentalequationstomake themalittlebitmorecomplicatedsothatwecandealwiththesesortsofproblems. Becausethosearetherealproblemsweneedtokeeptrackof. Andtheultimategoal,then,ofchangingourfundamentalquestionsistoderiveequilibriumfromfirstprinciples. To reallyunderstandchemicalequilibrium,whichyou'veallseenbefore. You'veallusedthe chemicalequilibriumconstant. K, you'vedoneproblems. Butyou'vebeengiven,basically,theequilibriumconstant,and notreallyderivedit,understoodwhereitcamefrom. OK,anothersimpleexamplehere,whichisactuallytheonethatwe'regoingtobelookingatinthefirstcase. Wherethere'sachangegoingon,isjusttolookataphasechange. H2. Oliquidgoingto. H2. Osolid. There'saphasechange,youcanthinkofitasonespecies,the. H2. Oliquidsortofchangingintoan. H2. Oasolid. It's thesamechemicalinthiscasehere,there'snochangeinthemolecules. Butit'sstillachangethatwehavetoaccountfor. Anotherexamplethat'salsosimplelikethis,thatyouall,I'msure,haveseenbefore,suppose. Itakeacell. My cellhere,full ofwater. Andthen. Iputmy cell,let'ssay. I takeahumancell. Myskinorsomething. And. Itake itand. Iputitindistilledwater. What'sgoing tohappentothecell? Is itgoing tobehappy? What'sgoing tohappentoit? It'sgoingtoburst,right? Whyisitgoing toburst? Anybodyhaveanideawhy it's going to burst? Yes. STUDENT: . Itrushesintothecod,andwell,thecoddoeswhatthecelldoes,whenyouputitindistilledwater. It sortofbloats. It isn'tveryhappy. OK,sobutallthesethingsarebasicallythesameideahere. Whereyouhaveacomplicatedchange,wherespeciesaremixing,andthingslikethis. Anditturnsoutthechemicalpotentialisgoingtotellusallabouthowtothinkaboutthat. That'swhythechemicalpotentialis soimportant. Sowe'regoing togobacktothesetwoexamplesheremanytimes. Solet'stakethesimplestexamplehere. Let'sgobackandderivesomeequations. Let'stakeoursimplestexamplethat'snotaonespeciessystem,buthastwospecies. Species. 1and. 2. Andn. 1andn. 2arethenumberofmolesofspecies. Andthenwe'regoingtoseeif. Imakeaperturbationinmysystem. Ichangethenumberofmolesof. Howdoesthisaffectthe. Gibbs freeenergy? That'sthequestionwe'regoingtopost. Andourgoalistofindanewfundamentalequationfor. Gthatincludesthenumberofmolesofthedifferentspeciesastheychange. Becauseinchemistrythey'regoingtobechanging. They're notgoingtobefixed. Sowhatwewantisjustpurelymathematicallyformally,takethedifferentialofthe. Gibbsfreeenergy,whichweknowisd. G/d. T,keepingpressure,the number ofmolesof. T. Thatis,d. G/dpconstanttemperature,n. Andthenwehaveourtwomorevariablesnow,d. G/dn. 1,rememberthisisjustaformalstatementkeepingtemperatureandpressureandn. G/dn. 2, dn. 2keepingtemperature andpressureandn. I'm notwritinganythingnewhere,I'mjusttellingyouwhatthedefinitionofthedifferentialishere,for. G. Wealreadyknowwhatsomeofthesequantitiesare. Weknowthatthisistheentropy,minustheentropy. Thishereisthevolume. And. Iknowtheansweralready. But. I'mgoing todefine itanyways. Andwe'regoingtoproveit. I'mgoingtodefinethisasthechemicalpotentialforspecies. I'mgoingtodefinethis,I'mgoing togiveitasymbol,chemicalpotentialmu,forspecies. Sothat. Icanwritemynewfundamentalequationasd. Gasminus. Sd. T. Plus. Vdpplus,andif. Ihavemorethantwospeciespresent,thesumofallspeciesinmymixturetimesthechemicalpotentialofthatspecies,dni. 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